How to Draw Blood C
Here you can get information about How to Draw Blood. Nurses and phlebotomists draw blood to perform a spread of medical tests. This text will teach you ways professionals draw blood from patients.
Some patients are squeamish during a blood draw. Encourage the patient to not watch as you insert the needle. Take precautions just in case your patient becomes dizzy or seems like fainting. Never let a patient leave until he or she has fully recovered.
Identify The Vein.
The first step in drawing blood correctly is to spot the appropriate veins to puncture. For adult patients, the most common and first choice is that of the median cubital vein within the antecubital fossa. Commonly referred to because the antecubital or the AC, it is often found in the crevice of the elbow between the median cephalic and therefore the median basilic vein.
This is a particularly large vessel and if stuck properly can yield excellent blood results. Some health care settings may insert blood drawing peripheral intravenous catheters into this vessel for frequent blood draws.
For novice phlebotomists, this vein is that of the first choice because it's close to the skin's surface and tends to not roll when punctured. Furthermore, it's a coffee risk of damaging surrounding nerves, arteries, and tendons versus other veins within the hands. Learning the anatomy of the most veins and arteries within the body is essential to becoming competent in phlebotomy. If the antecub has already been assessed, there are great options for venipuncture.
Other commonly used veins include:
- basilic vein
- cephalic vein
Avoid Puncturing These Areas
While it's important to understand the simplest veins to access, it's also important to understand which areas to avoid.
These areas include:
- Edematous sites (swollen sites filled with serous fluid)
- Scarred or burned areas
- Fistulas and grafts
- Hematomas
- From an IV cannula (unless permitted by your institution)
- Sites above an IV cannula within the same vessel
- Arm with PICC line
- Arm with a preexisting or current grume
- Arm on side of a mastectomy
- Via an open wound or area of infection
- Arm during which blood is being transfused
- Arm on the side of a surgical procedure
Gather supplies.
After identifying the location for the blood draw, gather the appropriate supplies needed. Some institutions have kits with all the needed supplies, while others would require the nurses to collect them individually. A crucial tip – take extra supplies into the patient's room just in case you would like to aim a second venipuncture.
These supplies include:
- Evacuated Collection Tubes (tubes specific to labs ordered)
- Personal Protective Equipment (ie gloves)
- Appropriate blood-drawing needles
- Tourniquet
- Hand Sanitizer
- Alcohol swabs for skin disinfection
- Laboratory specimen labels
- Gauze
- Blood transfer device
- Adhesive bandage/tape
- Laboratory forms
- Bio-hazard leak-proof transportation bags
- Puncture resistant sharps container
Venipuncture.
After assembling the appropriate equipment, follow subsequent steps to perform a correct venipuncture. Once more, please be aware that these are only guidelines for blood draws and nurses should consult the appropriate hospital personnel regarding performing this procedure on patients.
Additionally, these steps only apply to the adult and pediatric population and not neonates.
- Explain the procedure and reason for the blood draw to the patient.
- Identify the patient using two patient identifiers as mandated by JCAHO.
- Confirm the ordered tests and fill out the acceptable forms and labels.
- Check for any allergies or sensitivities with the patient regarding antiseptics, adhesives, or latex. True allergies should be identified on an allergy ID band, but sensitivities may not be reported at the time of patient admission.
- Position the patient and hyperextend the patient's arm.
- Perform good hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE.
- Apply a tourniquet approximately 3-4 inches above the selected site. Closely monitor the arm to make sure that isn't applied to tight or for quite 2 minutes. Reasons for concern would come with numbness, tingling, change of colour to blue or white, and extreme pain.
- Ask the patient to form a fist and not pump the hand. This is often a common misconception – pumping the hand doesn't increase venous circulation.
- Prep the venipuncture site by cleansing the world with an alcohol prep pad for 30 seconds and permit airing dry for 30 seconds. Don't wave, fan, or blow on the world as this contaminates the world and results in increased risk for infection.
- Grab the patient's lower arm (below the site of puncture) firmly to draw the skin taut and anchor the vein from rolling. Insert the needle at a 15 to 30-degree angle into the vessel.
- If properly inserted, blood should flash into the catheter. If this doesn't happen, then the needle has either not punctured the vein or the needle went through the vessel.
- Attach the needed tubes or syringes to get rid of the right volume of blood. Remove the tourniquet because the last amount of blood is drawn.
- Remove the needle from the patient's arm and depress on the vessel with gauze.
- Dispose of contaminated materials and needles within the designated hospital approved containers.
- Label appropriate tubes at the bedside and place into transport bags.
- Deliver blood specimens to the laboratory promptly. If the blood isn't delivered during a timely manner, it can cause hemolysis and skew the lab results.
Stop the Blood Flow and Clean the site
- Activate the needle's safety feature and discard the needle in a sharps' container.
- Tape the gauze to the puncture site after the bleeding has stopped. Instruct the patient to stay the gauze on for a minimum of 15 minutes.
- Label the tubes in view of the patient. Chill the specimens if needed.
- Discard all waste and put your materials away. Wipe the armrest of the chair with germicidal wipes.
Tips
- Some patients are squeamish during a blood draw. Encourage the patient to not watch as you insert the needle. Take precautions just in case your patient becomes dizzy or seems like fainting. Never let a patient leave until he or she has fully recovered.
- If you're drawing blood from a small child, suggest that the kid sits within the parent's lap for comfort.
- Rather, let the patient hold on to something with the opposite hand so to shift their focus about the needle being inserted in their vein.
- Confirm that you simply don't wear artificial nails once you draw blood. Your natural nails should be not than 1/8″ (3 mm) long.
Warnings
- Never attempt a blood draw quite twice. If you cannot complete the procedure, consult a nurse.
- Follow precautionary procedures if any of your materials become soiled with blood or if you or your patient is pierced with a contaminated needle.
- Consult a doctor or nurse if you can't stop the puncture site from bleeding.
- Avoid leaving a tourniquet on a patient's arm for quite 1 minute.
Source: https://www.helpingmonkey.com/how-to-draw-blood/
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